Journal
BIOESSAYS
Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700158
Keywords
complex life; evolution; free radicals; oxygen
Categories
Funding
- NSF FESD Program
- NASA Astrobiology Institute [NNA15BB03A]
- Directorate For Geosciences [1338299] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Earth Sciences [1338299] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Introduction of O-2 to Earth's early biosphere stimulated remarkable evolutionary adaptations, and a wide range of electron acceptors allowed diverse, energy-yielding metabolic pathways. Enzymatic reduction of O-2 yielded a several-fold increase in energy production, enabling evolution of multi-cellular animal life. However, utilization of O-2 also presented major challenges as O-2 and many of its derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly toxic, possibly impeding multicellular evolution after the Great Oxidation Event. Remarkably, ROS, and especially hydrogen peroxide, seem to play a major part in early diversification and further development of cellular respiration and other oxygenic pathways, thus becoming an intricate part of evolution of complex life. Hence, although harnessing of chemical and thermo-dynamic properties of O-2 for aerobic metabolism is generally considered to be an evolutionary milestone, the ability to use ROS for cell signaling and regulation may have been the first true breakthrough in development of complex life.
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