Journal
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 495, Issue 1, Pages 533-538Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.153
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease(AD); Amyloid precursor protein(APP); Olfactory system; Olfactory epithelium(OE); gamma-Secretase; Presenilin
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korean [NRF-2015M3A9E2028884]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2015M3A9E2028884] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) occurs through sequential cleavages first by beta-secretase and then by the gamma-secretase complex. However, abnormal processing of APP leads to excessive production of beta-amyloid (A beta) in the central nervous system (CNS), an event which is regarded as a primary cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, gene mutations of the gamma-secretase complex-which contains presenilin 1 or 2 as the catalytic core-could trigger marked All accumulation. Olfactory dysfunction usually occurs before the onset of typical AD-related symptoms (eg, memory loss or muscle retardation), suggesting that the olfactory system may be one of the most vulnerable regions to AD. To date however, little is known about why the olfactory system is affected so early by AD prior to other regions. Thus, we examined the distribution of secretases and levels of APP processing in the olfactory system under either healthy or pathological conditions. Here, we show that the olfactory system has distinct APP processing machineries. In particular, we identified higher expressions levels and activity of gamma-secretase in the olfactory epithelium (OE) than other regions of the brain. Moreover, APP c-terminal fragments (CTF) are markedly detected. During AD progression, we note increased expression of presenilin2 of gamma-secretases in the OE, not in the OB, and show that neurotoxic A beta*56 accumulates more quickly in the OE. Taken together, these results suggest that the olfactory system has distinct APP processing machineries under healthy and pathological conditions. This finding may provide a crucial understanding of the unique APP-processing mechanisms in the olfactory system, and further highlights the correlation between olfactory deficits and AD symptoms. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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