The effect of algal polysaccharides laminarin and fucoidan on colonic pathology, cytokine gene expression and Enterobacteriaceae in a dextran sodium sulfate-challenged porcine model

The algal polysaccharides laminarin (LAM) and fucoidan (FUC) have potent anti-inflammatory activities in the gastrointestinal tract. Our objective was to examine the impact of prior consumption of LAM and/or FUC on pathology and inflammation following a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) challenge in pigs. Pigs (n 7/group) were assigned to one of five experimental groups for 56 d. From 49-55 d, distilled water or DSS was administered intragastrically. The experimental groups were: (1) basal diet + distilled water (control); (2) basal diet + DSS (DSS); (3) basal diet + FUC + DSS (FUC + DSS); (4) basal diet + LAM + DSS (LAM + DSS); and (5) basal diet + LAM + FUC + DSS (LAMFUC + DSS). The DSS group had decreased body-weight gain (P < 0.05) and serum xylose (P < 0.05), and increased proximal colon pathology score (P < 0.05), diarrhoeal score (P < 0.001) and colonic Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) relative to the control group. The FUC + DSS (P < 0.01), LAM + DSS (P < 0.05) and LAMFUC + DSS (P < 0.05) groups had improved diarrhoeal score, and the LAMFUC + DSS (P < 0.05) group had improved body weight relative to the DSS group. The FUC + DSS group (P < 0.001), LAM + DSS group (P < 0.05) and LAMFUC + DSS group (P < 0.001) had lower IL-6 mRNA abundance relative to the DSS group. The LAM + DSS group had reduced Enterobacteriaceae in proximal colon digesta relative to the DSS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, FUC or a combination of FUC and LAM improved body-weight loss, diarrhoeal scores and clinical variables associated with a DSS challenge in pigs, in tandem with a reduction in colonic IL-6 mRNA abundance.