Journal
FASEB JOURNAL
Volume 29, Issue 7, Pages 2912-2929Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268276
Keywords
Parkin; Pink1; reactive oxygen species; perinuclear mitochondrial clustering; DNA damage
Categories
Funding
- U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [2R01HL085613, 1R01HL092842]
- American Lung Association [RG-266456-N, RG-305393]
- NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30-ES01247]
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Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The molecular mechanism by which CS induces cellular senescence is unknown. Here, we show that CS stress (exposure of primary lung cells to CS extract 0.2-0.75% with a halfmaximal inhibitory concentration of similar to 0.5%) led to impaired mitophagy and perinuclear accumulation of damaged mitochondria associated with cellular senescence in both human lung fibroblasts and small airway epithelial cells (SAECs). Impaired mitophagy was attributed to reduced Parkin translocation to damaged mitochondria, which was due to CS-induced cytoplasmic p53 accumulation and its interaction with Parkin. Impaired Parkin translocation to damaged mitochondria was also observed in mouse lungs with emphysema (6 months CS exposure, 100 mg TPM/m(3)) as well as in lungs of chronic smokers and patients with COPD. Primary SAECs from patients with COPD also exhibited impaired mitophagy and increased cellular senescence via suborganellar signaling. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (Mito-Tempo) restored impaired mitophagy, decreased mitochondrial mass accumulation, and delayed cellular senescence in Parkin-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, defective mitophagy leads to CS stress-induced lung cellular senescence, and restoring mitophagy delays cellular senescence, which provides a promising therapeutic intervention in chronic airway diseases.
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