Perioperative Opioid Analgesics and Hip Arthroscopy: Trends, Risk Factors for Prolonged Use, and Complications

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to (1) examine trends in preoperative and prolonged postoperative opioid analgesic use in patient undergoing hip arthroscopy, (2) characterize risk factors for prolonged opioid analgesic use following hip arthroscopy, and (3) explore preoperative and prolonged postoperative opioid analgesic use as independent risk factors for complications following hip arthroscopy. Methods: A private insurance database was queried for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy from 2007 to 2015 with a minimum of 6 months of follow- up. Independent risk factors for prolonged opioid analgesic use were determined. Preoperative and prolonged opioid analgesic use as risk factors for complications were examined. Results: There was a significantly decreasing trend in preoperative (P = .002) and prolonged postoperative (P = .009) opioid analgesic use. The most significant risk factor for prolonged postoperative opioid analgesic use was preoperative use (odds ratio [OR], 3.61; P <.0001). Other preoperative prescriptions, including muscle relaxants (OR, 1.5; P <.0001) and anxiolytics (OR, 2.0; P <.0001), were also significant risk factors. Preoperative opioid analgesic use was a significant risk factor for postoperative complications, including emergency room visits (OR, 2.1; P <.0001) and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) (OR, 1.6; P <.0001). Prolonged postoperative opioid analgesic use was associated with a higher risk of revision hip arthroscopy (OR, 1.4; P = .0004) and conversion to THA (OR, 1.8; P <.0001). Conclusions: More than a quarter of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy continue to receive opioid analgesic prescriptions more than 3 months postoperatively. The most significant risk factor for prolonged opioid analgesic use is preoperative opioid analgesic use. Additionally, anxiolytics, substance use or abuse, morbid obesity, and back pain were among the more notable risk factors for prolonged postoperative opioid analgesic use. Preoperative and prolonged postoperative opioid analgesic use was associated with a higher likelihood of several adverse effects/complications.