Journal
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 4, Pages 943-952Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.310307
Keywords
apolipoproteins; cholesterol; clinical trial; longitudinal studies; metabolic syndrome; overweight; prediabetic state
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- NHLBI [R01 HL102166]
- NIDDK Nutrition and Obesity Research Center [P30DK072476]
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01 DK081559]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) [U54 GM104940]
- NIGMS Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence center [8P20 GM-1033528]
- California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program [21RT-0125]
- NIH/NHLBI [R01HL136724, K08HL118131]
- AHA [15CVGPSD27030013]
- Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [P20RR021945] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL102166, R01HL136724, K08HL118131] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK081559, P30DK072476] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [U54GM104940, P30GM118430, P20GM103528] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Objective Measures of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) function are associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of regular exercise on these measures is largely unknown. Thus, we examined the effects of different doses of exercise on 3 measures of HDL function in 2 randomized clinical exercise trials. Approach and Results Radiolabeled and boron dipyrromethene difluoride-labeled cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL-apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) exchange were assessed before and after 6 months of exercise training in 2 cohorts: STRRIDE-PD (Studies of Targeted Risk Reduction Interventions through Defined Exercise, in individuals with Pre-Diabetes; n=106) and E-MECHANIC (Examination of Mechanisms of exercise-induced weight compensation; n=90). STRRIDE-PD participants completed 1 of 4 exercise interventions differing in amount and intensity. E-MECHANIC participants were randomized into 1 of 2 exercise groups (8 or 20 kcal/kg per week) or a control group. HDL-C significantly increased in the high-amount/vigorous-intensity group (35 mg/dL; P=0.02) of STRRIDE-PD, whereas no changes in HDL-C were observed in E-MECHANIC. In STRRIDE-PD, global radiolabeled efflux capacity significantly increased 6.2% (SEM, 0.06) in the high-amount/vigorous-intensity group compared with all other STRRIDE-PD groups (range, -2.4 to -8.4%; SEM, 0.06). In E-MECHANIC, non-ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) radiolabeled efflux significantly increased 5.7% (95% CI, 1.2-10.2%) in the 20 kcal/kg per week group compared with the control group, with no change in the 8 kcal/kg per week group (2.6%; 95% CI, -1.4 to 6.7%). This association was attenuated when adjusting for change in HDL-C. Exercise training did not affect BODIPY-labeled cholesterol efflux capacity or HDL-apoA-I exchange in either study. Conclusions Regular prolonged vigorous exercise improves some but not all measures of HDL function. Future studies are warranted to investigate whether the effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease are mediated in part by improving HDL function.
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