Journal
FASEB JOURNAL
Volume 29, Issue 8, Pages 3446-3457Publisher
FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272542
Keywords
environment; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; mouse model; multiple sclerosis; risk factor
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Funding
- U.S. National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS069628, NS076200]
- U.S. National Multiple Sclerosis Society [FG1911-A-1, PP2123]
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease influenced by genetics and the environment. MSincidence in female subjects has approximately tripled in the last century, suggesting a sex-specific environmental influence. Recent animal and human studies have implicated dietary sodium as a risk factor in MS, whereby high sodium augmented the generation of T helper (T-h) 17 cells and exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal model of MS. However, whether dietary sodium interacts with sex or genetics remains unknown. Here, we show that high dietary sodium exacerbates EAE in a strain- and sex-specific fashion. In C57BL6/J mice, exposure to a high-salt diet exacerbated disease in both sexes, while in SJL/JCrHsd mice, it did so only in females. In further support of a genetic component, we found that sodium failed to modify EAE course in C57BL6/J mice carrying a 129/Sv-derived interval on chromosome 17. Furthermore, we found that the high-sodium diet did not augment T(h)17 or T(h)1 responses, but it did result in increased blood-brain barrier permeability and brain pathology. Our results demonstrate that the effects of dietary sodium on autoimmune neuroinflammation are sex specific, genetically controlled, and CNS mediated.-Krementsov, D. N., Case, L. K., Hickey, W. F., Teuscher, C. Exacerbation of autoimmune neuroinflammation by dietary sodium is genetically controlled and sex specific.
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