French validation of the modified-falls efficacy scale (M-FES Fr)

Introduction: Among the tools assessing fall related self-efficacy, the Modified-Falls Efficacy Scale (M-FES) seems to be a comprehensive and sensitive scale. However, no validated French version exists to this day. Objective: This study aims to translate the M-FES and validate this French translation (M-FES Fr). Method: The validation steps used to translate and validate the M-FES Fr were i) forward - backward translation, ii) examination of the internal structure and reliability, iii) evaluation of the convergent validity. In this study, 310 French-speaking older adults (56 geriatric patients and 254 community-dwelling older adults) completed the M-FES Fr. Among the community-dwelling older adults, 67 fallers and 70 non-fallers were also asked to complete questionnaires related to variables such as health, fear of falling, and physical activity levels. Results: A two-factor solution (indoor vs outdoor activities) was suggested, which accounted for 68.1% of the total variance. Reliability estimates for both factors were good (Cronbach alpha > 0.94, ICC > .93). Significant differences between geriatric patients and community-dwelling older adults and between fallers and non-fallers were highlighted. Furthermore, the M-FES Fr scores were significantly linked to various risk factors for falling. Conclusion: The M-FES Fr has psychometric properties which are similar to those found in the original version, including reliability and validity. This questionnaire will enable French-speaking researchers and health professionals to work with the same concepts as those used in other languages. Notably, the M-FES Fr could be used in the development and evaluation of intervention strategies in the prevention of falls.