Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
Volume 93, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.042121
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Funding
- Singapore National Research Foundation under NRF [NRF-NRFF2011-07]
- Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 Project [R-263-000-C06-112]
- Australian Research Council [CE1101027]
- SCOPE program of the MIC of Japan
- CREST of JST
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26247066] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Australian Research Council [CE1101027] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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Measuring the power spectral density of a stochastic process, such as a stochastic force or magnetic field, is a fundamental task in many sensing applications. Quantum noise is becoming a major limiting factor to such a task in future technology, especially in optomechanics for temperature, stochastic gravitational wave, and decoherence measurements. Motivated by this concern, here we prove a measurement-independent quantum limit to the accuracy of estimating the spectrum parameters of a classical stochastic process coupled to a quantum dynamical system. We demonstrate our results by analyzing the data from a continuous-optical-phase-estimation experiment and showing that the experimental performance with homodyne detection is close to the quantum limit. We further propose a spectral photon-counting method that can attain quantum-optimal performance for weak modulation and a coherent-state input, with an error scaling superior to that of homodyne detection at low signal-to-noise ratios.
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