Journal
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
Volume 448, Issue -, Pages 288-296Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.011
Keywords
TiO2; g-C3N4; Z-scheme; Photocatalysis; Water splitting; Ti3+ defect
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51702235, 51072032, 51372036, 11504266]
- National Key Foundation for Exploring Scientific Instrument of China [2014YQ120351]
- Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China [15JCYBJC16800, 15JCYBJC16700]
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Artificial direct Z-scheme system is promising in solar-fuel production owing to their efficient charge separation and high redox capability. However, direct Z-scheme system suffers from how to construct reasonable interfacial charge transfer channel for selective charge recombination. Here we fabricate a direct Z-scheme system consisting of g-C3N4 crumpled sheet with Ti-3(+)-doped TiO2 nanoparticles via polycondensation of urea with TiO2 followed by hydrogenated treatment. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) manifest that the hydrogenated treatment conferred Ti-3(+) defect states below the conduction band minimum (CBM) of TiO2 and improved visible light absorption of the g-C3N4/Ti-3(+)-doped TiO2 composite. The g-C3N4/Ti-3(+)-doped TiO2 exhibits remarkable photocatalytic performance for water splitting and degradation of pollutants than that of g-C3N4/TiO2, C3N4, and TiO2. The H-2 evolution rates of g-C3N4/Ti-3(+)-doped TiO2 reach up to 1938 and 287 mu mol.h(-1).g(-1) under solar-light and visible-light irradiation, which is 3.4 and 2.8 times higher than that of g-C3N4/TiO2. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the Ti-3(+) defects assistant formation of g-C3N4/Ti-3(+)-doped TiO2 Z-scheme photocatalyst, which results in efficient interfacial charge emigration and separation. Our work points out the critical role of defects in construction of Z-scheme pathways for charge transfer and provides possibilities for developing the other efficient photocatalysts. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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