Calcium doped MAPbI(3) with better energy state alignment in perovskite solar cells

The organic-inorganic perovskite material with better energy alignment in the solar cell device will have a profound impact on the solar cell performance. It is valuable to tune the energy states by element substitution and doping in perovskites. Here, we present that Ca2+ is incorporated into CH3 NH3PbI3 , which up-shifts the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum, leading to a difference between the bandgap and the Fermi level in the device. Consequently, Ca2+ incorporation results in an enhancement of the photovoltage and photocurrent, achieving a summit efficiency of 18.3% under standard 1 sun (AM 1.5). This work reveals the doped perovskite to improve the solar cell performance by tuning the energy state. Published by AIP Publishing.