Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 228, Issue -, Pages 1837-1852Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.064
Keywords
Concentrating solar power; Thermal energy storage; Geothermal power; Retrofit; Levelized cost of energy; Hybrid power generation
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Geothermal Technologies Office and Solar Energy Technologies Office
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Geothermal power plants often deploy less than their full power capacity due to declining geothermal resources. Integrating heat from a concentrating solar power (CSP) collector field increases the power output at low cost. This article considers five methods of solar heat addition in a double-flash geothermal plant. The most promising solution converts solar heat into electrical work with an efficiency of 24.3%. The economic feasibility and optimal sizing of the solar field and thermal stores are evaluated. A hybrid plant that increases power generation from 22 to 24 MWe has a Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of 0.07 +/- 0.01 $/kWh(e). Adding three hours of storage increases the LCOE to 0.08 +/- 0.01 $/kWh(e). Photovoltaic systems are considered to be a low-cost renewable technology, but an equivalent photovoltaic system with battery storage costs 0.15 +/- 0.07 $/kWh(e) due to the high cost and replacement rate of batteries compared to thermal storage. The hybrid plant also has a lower LCOE than a conventional CSP plant. If the dispatchability that thermal storage provides is rewarded with higher electricity prices, calculations indicate storage becomes an attractive investment when discharged power receives 1.75 times the typical price of electricity.
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