Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 212, Issue -, Pages 1537-1552Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.064
Keywords
Solar thermal; PV; Economic; Industrial processes; Low-carbon; Renewable heat
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Funding
- People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the Seventh Framework Programme FP7/under REA grant at the SHINE (Solar Heat INtegration Network) Program [317085 [PITN-GA-2012-317085]]
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Solar energy is an important measure to reduce fossil fuel use and carbon emissions from the energy supply in industries requiring heat below 150 degrees C. A robust methodology was developed to compare two solar conversion technologies (solar thermal and photovoltaics via resistance heating) to determine which provided lower cost heat, highly flexible for various plant sizes, investments, currencies, locations, and process temperatures. At current PV investments, solar thermal plants must be installed turn-key below 400 sic/m(ap)(2), in northern European climates and 500 sic/m(ap)(2) in southern to remain economically competitive. Photovoltaic heat is already the lower cost heat provider for many applications in northern latitudes above 100 degrees C. In future PV cost scenarios, solar thermal must reduce investments below 250 sic/m(ap)(2) to remain competitive in Europe and 400 sic/m(ap)(2) in higher solar resource regions. When opportunity costs are considered, photovoltaics are better utilized to offset local electrical, not thermal, demand. Despite this fact, future efforts must be given to solar thermal cost reduction in order to remain competitive against all other renewable heat producers.
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