Journal
SLEEP HEALTH
Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 94-99Publisher
ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.04.003
Keywords
Drowsy driving; Sleepiness; Fatigue; Sleep deficiency; Sleep need; Definition; Impaired driving; Circadian; Crash; Accident
Categories
Funding
- Amazon.com, Inc
- A2Z Development Center, Inc
- Bose Corporation
- Boston Celtics: Boston Red Sox
- Cleveland Browns
- Institute of Digital Media and Child Development
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc
- Merck Sharpe and Dohme
- Purdue Pharm
- Quest Diagnostics
- Samsung Electronics
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Koninklijke Philips Electronics
- Novartis
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Cephalon, Inc
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals
- Mary Ann and Stanley Snider through Combined Jewish Philanthropies
- National Football League Charities
- Optum
- ResMed
- Philips Respironics
- San Francisco Bar Pilots
- Simmons
- Schneider, Inc
- Sysco
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals
- Harvard School of Public Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Sleep Foundation
- New England College of Optometry
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals
- Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd
- Sanofi-Aventis, Inc
- Sepracor, Inc
- Wake Up Narcolepsy
- Optalert
- Compumedics
- Philips Lighting
- Tyco Healthcare
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Objectives: This article presents the consensus findings of the National Sleep Foundation Drowsy Driving Consensus Working Group, which was an expert panel assembled to establish a consensus statement regarding sleep-related driving impairment. Methods: The National Sleep Foundation assembled a expert panel comprised of experts from the sleep community and experts appointed by stakeholder organizations. A systematic literature review identified 346 studies that were abstracted and provided to the panelists for review. A modified Delphi RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method with 2 rounds of voting was used to reach consensus. Results: A final consensus was reached that sleep deprivation renders motorists unfit to drive a motor vehicle. After reviewing growing evidence of impairment and increased crash risk among drivers who obtained less than optimal sleep duration in the preceding 24 hours, the panelists recognized the need for public policy guidance as to when it is certainly unsafe to drive. Toward this end, the panelists agreed upon the following expert consensus statement: Drivers who have slept for two hours or less in the preceding 24 hours are not fit to operate a motor vehicle. Panelists further agreed that most healthy drivers would likely be impaired with only 3 to 5 hours of sleep during the prior 24 hours. Conclusions: There is consensus among experts that healthy individuals who have slept for 2 hours or less in the preceding 24 hours are too impaired to safely operate a motor vehicle. Prevention of drowsy driving will require sustained and collaborative effort from multiple stakeholders. Implications and limitations of the consensus recommendations are discussed. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of National Sleep Foundation
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