Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 220, Issue -, Pages 1-12Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.010
Keywords
Peer-to-Peer energy trading; Distributed Energy Resources (DER); Bidding system; Game theory; Demand flexibility; Microgrid
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Funding
- Horizon 2020 project P2P-SmartTest, 'Peer to Peer Smart Energy Distribution Networks'
- EPSRC project MISTRAL, 'Multi-scale Infrastructure Systems Analytics'
- Flexis, 'Flexible Integrated Energy Systems'
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Welsh Government
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Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading represents direct energy trading between peers, where energy from small-scale Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in dwellings, offices, factories, etc, is traded among local energy prosumers and consumers. A hierarchical system architecture model was proposed to identify and categorize the key elements and technologies involved in P2P energy trading. A P2P energy trading platform was designed and P2P energy trading was simulated using game theory. Test results in a LV grid-connected Microgrid show that P2P energy trading is able to improve the local balance of energy generation and consumption. Moreover, the increased diversity of generation and load profiles of peers is able to further facilitate the balance.
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