Modeling and optimization of Scaffold-like macroporous electrodes for highly efficient direct methanol fuel cells

Construction of advanced electrode architecture, and understanding the electrochemical and mass transport phenomena within its structures are core issues that determine the development of fuel cells and other electrochemical energy technologies. Here in this work, we propose a new scaffold-like electrode with controllable porous volume and size via facile freeze-drying process. Deriving from the delicate surface unevenness and the well-defined macro-pores constructed by the ice template, the electrochemical surfaces and mass transport for methanol and oxygen are greatly enhanced by adapting this electrode structure as anode and cathode for direct methanol fuel cells, respectively. Computational fluid dynamics simulation and mathematic model is adopted to elucidate and predict the intrinsic improvement of mass transport within the newly designed electrode structure. Further practical application of such design is validated in a 10-cell short stack of direct methanol fuel cell systems equipped with this novel electrode.