Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 219, Issue -, Pages 256-263Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.052
Keywords
All - climate electric vehicles; Lithium-ion battery; Low temperature; Echelon heating strategy; Alternating current
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1564206]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFB0103802]
- Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project [Z171100000917013]
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Battery preheating at low temperatures is essential to ensure the efficient operation of electric vehicles in all climate conditions. Alternating current heating is proposed as an effective preheating method to improve the poor performance of lithium-ion batteries operated at low temperatures. To describe the dynamic voltage behavior accurately, the Butler-Volmer equation has been employed, and then a novel electro-thermal coupled model has been proposed for accurately calculating the thermal behavior of a battery. To obtain the optimal preheating performance, the electro-thermal coupled model-based available heating current computational method has been developed to obtain the optimal echelon preheating strategy. This method has the potential to balance the heat generation rate and degradation on battery lifetime. Finally, the proposed echelon heating strategy has been verified by battery cells and battery packs. Results show that the battery cell can be heated from the temperature of - 20.3 degrees C to 10.02 degrees C by 13.7 min with an average temperature-rise 2.21 degrees C/min. And the battery pack can be heated from - 20.84 degrees C to 10 degrees C by 12.4 min with an average temperature-rise is 2.47 degrees C/min.
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