Journal
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 392-400Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.43
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RO1 5R01AI100135-03]
- European Research Council [310372]
- Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research
- Canadian Institute of Health Research [300819]
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Foundation
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre
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Clinical evidence strongly suggests that certain live vaccines, in particular bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and measles vaccines, can reduce all-cause mortality, most probably through protection against non-targeted pathogens in addition to the targeted pathogen. The underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. We discuss how heterologous lymphocyte activation and innate immune memory could promote protection beyond the intended target pathogen and consider how vaccinologists could leverage heterologous immunity to improve outcomes in vulnerable populations, in particular the very young and the elderly.
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