Journal
BATTERIES-BASEL
Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/batteries2020009
Keywords
lithium-ion (Li-ion); battery; electrified vehicle; safety; thermal runaway; fire; hydrogen fluoride; toxic gases; abuse test
Funding
- Swedish Energy Agency
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Safety issues concerning the use of large lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electrified vehicles are discussed based on the abuse test results of Li-ion cells together with safety devices for cells. The presented abuse tests are: overcharge, short circuit, propane fire test and external heating test (oven). It was found that in a fire, cells with higher state of charge (SOC) gave a higher heat release rate (HRR), while the total heat release (THR) had a lower correlation with SOC. One fire test resulted in a hazardous projectile from a cylindrical cell. In the fire tests, toxic gas emissions of hydrogen fluoride (HF) were measured for 100%, 50% and 0% SOC.
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