Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
Volume 28, Issue 13, Pages 1238-1261Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7282
Keywords
skin; NADPH oxidase (NOX); UV irradiation; inflammation; cell signaling; skin cancer; reactive oxygen species (ROS); NADPH oxidase inhibitors
Funding
- ARC Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
- Institut National du Cancer [INCA_6654]
- FR TransBioMed
- La ligue contre le cancer
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Significance: Skin protects the body from dehydration, pathogens, and external mutagens. NADPH oxidases are central components for regulating the cellular redox balance. There is increasing evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by members of this enzyme family play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skin. Recent Advances: NADPH oxidases are active producers of ROS such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Different isoforms are found in virtually all tissues. They play pivotal roles in normal cell homeostasis and in the cellular responses to various stressors. In particular, these enzymes are integral parts of redox-sensitive prosurvival and proapoptotic signaling pathways, in which they act both as effectors and as modulators. However, continuous (re)activation of NADPH oxidases can disturb the redox balance of cells, in the worst-case scenario in a permanent manner. Abnormal NADPH oxidase activity has been associated with a wide spectrum of diseases, as well as with aging and carcinogenesis. Critical Issues: Sunlight with its beneficial and deleterious effects induces the activation of NADPH oxidases in the skin. Evidence for the important roles of this enzyme family in skin cancer and skin aging, as well as in many chronic skin diseases, is now emerging. Future Directions: Understanding the precise roles of NADPH oxidases in normal skin homeostasis, in the cellular responses to solar radiation, and during carcinogenesis will pave the way for their validation as therapeutic targets not only for the prevention and treatment of skin cancers but also for many other skin-related disorders.
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