Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY, VOL 63
Volume 63, Issue -, Pages 145-167Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023530
Keywords
mosquito; holobiont; melanization; phagocytosis; innate immunity; host-pathogen interactions
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI095842, R21 AI117204] Funding Source: Medline
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As holometabolous insects that occupy distinct aquatic and terrestrial environments in larval and adult stages and utilize hematophagy for nutrient acquisition, mosquitoes are subjected to a wide variety of symbiotic interactions. Indeed, mosquitoes play host to endosymbiotic, entomopathogenic, and mosquito-borne organisms, including protozoa, viruses, bacteria, fungi, fungal-like organisms, and metazoans, all of which trigger and shape innate infection-response capacity. Depending on the infection or interaction, the mosquito may employ, for example, cellular and humoral immune effectors for septic infections in the hemocoel, humoral infection responses in the midgut lumen, and RNA interference and programmed cell death for intracellular pathogens. These responses often function in concert, regardless of the infection type, and provide a robust front to combat infection. Mosquito-borne pathogens and entomopathogens overcome these immune responses, employing avoidance or suppression strategies. Burgeoning methodologies are capitalizing on this concerted deployment of immune responses to control mosquito-borne disease.
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