Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES, VOL 46
Volume 46, Issue -, Pages 123-147Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010035
Keywords
cyanobacteria; sulfide; oxygenation; anoxygenic photosynthesis; microbial mat; Proterozoic
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Cyanobacterial mats are widely assumed to have been globally significant hot spots of biogeochemistry and evolution during the Archean and Proterozoic, but little is known about their quantitative contributions to global primary productivity or Earth's oxygenation. Modern systems show that mat biogeochemistry is the outcome of concerted activities and intimate interactions between various microbial metabolisms. Emerging knowledge of the regulation of oxygenic and sulfide-driven anoxygenic photosynthesis by versatile cyanobacteria, and their interactions with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, highlights how ecological and geochemical processes can control O-2 production in cyanobacterial mats in unexpected ways. This review explores such biological controls on O-2 production. We argue that the intertwined effects of light availability, redox geochemistry, regulation and competition of microbial metabolisms, and biogeochemical feedbacks result in emergent properties of cyanobacterial mat communities that are all critical yet largely overlooked mechanisms to potentially explain the protracted nature of Earth's oxygenation.
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