Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL 20
Volume 20, Issue -, Pages 403-429Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121113
Keywords
gradients; interfaces; articular cartilage; tendon; bone; temporomandibular joint; intervertebral disc
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Funding
- NIAMS NIH HHS [T32 AR053461, P30 AR050950, P30 AR069619] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB002425] Funding Source: Medline
- RRD VA [I01 RX002274] Funding Source: Medline
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The connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system can be grouped into fibrous, cartilaginous, and calcified tissues. While each tissue type has a distinct composition and function, the intersections between these tissues result in the formation of complex, composite, and graded junctions. The complexity of these interfaces is a critical aspect of their healthy function, but poses a significant challenge for their repair. In this review, we describe the organization and structure of complex musculoskeletal interfaces, identify emerging technologies for engineering such structures, and outline the requirements for assessing the complex nature of these tissues in the context of recapitulating their function through tissue engineering.
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