Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL 20
Volume 20, Issue -, Pages 21-47Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-120954
Keywords
stem cell niche; hydrogel; engineered cellular microenvironments; matrix mechanics; cell-adhesive ligands; cell-cell interactions
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Funding
- NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR001085] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI116484] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [F31 EB020502, R21 EB020235] Funding Source: Medline
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1508006] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Stem cells are a powerful resource for many applications including regenerative medicine, patient-specific disease modeling, and toxicology screening. However, eliciting the desired behavior from stem cells, such as expansion in a naive state or differentiation into a particular mature lineage, remains challenging. Drawing inspiration from the native stem cell niche, hydrogel platforms have been developed to regulate stem cell fate by controlling microenvironmental parameters including matrix mechanics, degradability, cell-adhesive ligand presentation, local microstructure, and cell-cell interactions. We survey techniques for modulating hydrogel properties and review the effects of microenvironmental parameters on maintaining stemness and controlling differentiation for a variety of stem cell types. Looking forward, we envision future hydrogel designs spanning a spectrum of complexity, ranging from simple, fully defined materials for industrial expansion of stem cells to complex, biomimetic systems for organotypic cell culture models.
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