Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 87
Volume 87, Issue -, Pages 75-100Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012624
Keywords
RNA polymerase III; transcription; regulation; signaling; metabolism; tRNA modification; tRNA fragments
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Funding
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM120358] Funding Source: Medline
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RNA polymerase (Pol) III has a specialized role in transcribing the most abundant RNAs in eukaryotic cells, transfer RNAs (tRNAs), along with other ubiquitous small noncoding RNAs, many of which have functions related to the ribosome and protein synthesis. The high energetic cost of producing these RNAs and their central role in protein synthesis underlie the robust regulation of Pol III transcription in response to nutrients and stress by growth regulatory pathways. Downstream of Pol III, signaling impacts posttranscriptional processes affecting tRNA function in translation and tRNA cleavage into smaller fragments that are increasingly attributed with novel cellular activities. In this review, we consider how nutrients and stress control Pol III transcription via its factors and its negative regulator, Maf1. We highlight recent work showing that the composition of the tRNA population and the function of individual tRNAs is dynamically controlled and that unrestrained Pol III transcription can reprogram central metabolic pathways.
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