Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
Volume 15, Issue 10, Pages 1325-1337Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS
DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1084229
Keywords
biomarkers; cancer; DNA hydroxymethylation; DNA methylation; epigenetic drift; epigenetic therapy; epigenetics; methylation detection methods
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Funding
- Eli Lilly
- Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Knowledge of epigenetic alterations in cancer is rapidly increasing due to the development of genome-wide techniques for their identification. DNA methylation is the best understood epigenetic adaptation and disease-specific aberrant DNA methylation is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer. Recently, novel modifications, including 5-hydroxymethylation have been described, adding a new layer of complexity to understanding the epigenetic machinery and their role in cancer. There have been significant advances in techniques for the discovery and validation of DNA methylation- and hydroxymethylation-based biomarkers, each with its own advantages and limitations. With the advent of new profiling technologies, the ever-growing list of genes that show epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation, emphasizes the role of these changes for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response to therapies. While there are yet many challenges to the effective implementation of DNA-methylation/hydroxymethylation-based biomarkers and epigenetic therapeutics, the field is moving closer to the goal of defining personalized medicine.
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