Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 457-465Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1586/1744666X.2015.1024110
Keywords
antibody; GM-CSF; inflammation; KB003; mavrilimumab; MOR103; namilumab; rheumatoid arthritis
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
- GSK
- CSL Pty Ltd
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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can be viewed as a pro-inflammatory cytokine rather than as a key regulator of steady state and systemic myelopoiesis. Key aspects of GM-CSF biology need to be clarified such as pro-survival vs activation/differentiation function, its cellular sources, its responsive cell populations, its downstream mediators/pathways, and when GM-CSF is relevant. Striking effects of GM-CSF depletion/deletion in some pre-clinical autoimmune/inflammation models have been reported. Systemic effects of administered GM-CSF are not necessarily informative about its local blockade in disease. Recent clinical RA trials, particularly Phase II trials with mavrilimumab (anti-GM-CSFR Ab), show rapid and impressive efficacy with no significant adverse effects. Larger and longer trials targeting GM-CSF are needed and with careful monitoring of unwanted side effects. This review summarizes the most recent information on these topics.
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