The importance of the tumor microenvironment in the therapeutic management of cancer

Tumor prognosis is generally defined by various tumor parameters. However, it is well known that paracrine, endocrine and cell-cell interactions between the tumor and its microenvironment contribute to its growth. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can also influence disease prognosis and is likely to be considered as an important prognostic factor. In addition, conventional therapies can influence the microenvironment and antitumor immunity. Similarly, the TME will influence the effectiveness of therapy. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how TME is important in therapeutic management. Key interactions between TME and different cancer therapies as well as their current clinical consequences have been described. More research is needed to establish the important network between tumor cells and their environment to highlight their relationships with conventional therapies and develop global therapeutic strategies.