Journal
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Volume 301, Issue 9, Pages 1551-1563Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23834
Keywords
C2C12 cells; immunology; skeletal muscle; inflammation; IFN-
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81371924, 81572102]
- National Key Research and Development Plan [2017YFC1105003]
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Muscle cells could serve as antigen-presenting cells, and participate in the activation of immune response. Immunological characteristics of muscle cells, and their capacities to equip themselves with immunorelevant molecules, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the immunological properties of myoblasts and differentiated myotubes in vitro and in vivo, under the IFN- induced inflammatory condition. We found that the fused C2C12 myotubes are more sensitive to inflammatory stimulation, and significantly upregulated the expression levels of MHC-I/II and TLR3/7 molecules, than that of proliferated myoblasts. As well, some co-stimulatory/-inhibitory molecules, including CD40, CD86, ICAM-I, ICOS-L, and PD-L1, were prominently upregulated in IFN- induced myotubes. Notably, we detected the protein levels of ASC, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 increased in stimulated myotubes, and IL-1 in cell culture supernatant, implying the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in IFN- treated myotubes. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines mRNA levels in IFN- induced C2C12 myotubes and myoblasts, involving IL-1, IL-6, and MCP-1, increased markedly. T cell activation test further verified IFN- induced C2C12 myotubes prompt to the proliferation of the splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. In Cardiotoxin-damaged tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, some regenerated myofibers expressed both MHC class I and class II molecules under IFN- enhanced inflammatory condition. Thus, our work demonstrates that muscle cells are active participants of local immune reactions. Anat Rec, 301:1551-1563, 2018. (c) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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