Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 58, Issue 5, Pages 560-565Publisher
AMER THORACIC SOC
DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0293TR
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- GSK Japan research grant
- Satoshi Okamoto Memorial Foundation of Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, play an important autocrine/paracrine role in intercellular communication. Details on the involvement of EVs in the pathogenesis of lung diseases have emerged over the past several years. Moreover, EVs package numerous DNA, proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs that can regulate immune responses in recipient cells. Almost all respiratory cells release EVs, and these EVs can have protective or detrimental functions, depending on the type of donor cells, type of stimuli, and components. In lung cancer, tumor-derived EVs carry multiple immunoinhibitory signals, disable antitumor immune effector cells, and promote tumor escape from immune control. Furthermore, bacteria- and microbiota-derived EVs can shape the immune system and lead to the development of lung disease. These EVs are capable of maintaining airway homeostasis, inducing proinflammatory effects, and promoting antigen presentation, thus regulating lung inflammation and immune responses. From these viewpoints, we summarize recent findings on EVs in lung biology and immunity. EVs provide a new avenue for understanding the mechanism of inflammatory disease progression and for developing therapeutic approaches for lung immune responses.
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