Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 314, Issue 6, Pages R892-R901Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00371.2017
Keywords
athlete's paradox; diacylglycerol; skeletal muscle
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI [15H0597, 15H05904, 15H04708, 15H06600, 16H03205, 16K08316, 16K12940, 16K08596, 15KK0320, 26750303]
- Naito Foundation
- Ono Medical Research Foundation
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Mitsubishi Foundation
- Nakatomi Foundation
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Foundation of Strategic Research Projects in Private Universities from the MEXT [S1311011, S1411008]
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15H05897] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Insulin resistance of peripheral muscle is implicated in the etiology of metabolic syndrome in obesity. Although accumulation of glycerolipids, such as triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol (DAG), in muscle contributes to insulin resistance in obese individuals, endurance-trained athletes also have higher glycerolipid levels but normal insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that the difference in insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle between athletes and obese individuals stems from changes in fatty acid composition of accumulated lipids. Here, we evaluated the effects of intense endurance exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) on the accumulation and composition of lipid molecular species in rat skeletal muscle using a lipidomic approach. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to three groups and received either normal diet (ND) in sedentary conditions, ND plus endurance exercise training, or HFD in sedentary conditions. Rats were fed ND or HFD between 4 and 12 wk of age. Rats in the exercise group ran on a treadmill for 120 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Soleus muscle lipidomic profiles were obtained using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Total DAG levels, particularly those of palmitoleate-containing species, were increased in muscle by exercise training. However, whereas the total DAG level in the muscle was also increased by HFD, the levels of DAG molecular species containing palmitoleate were decreased by HFD. The concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species containing palmitoleate was increased by exercise but decreased by HFD. Our results indicate that although DAG accumulation was similar levels in trained and sedentary obese rats, specific changes in molecular species containing palmitoleate were opposite.
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