Cryptolepine, an indoloquinoline alkaloid, in the management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications

Background: Effective long-term management is the key to treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Aim: To ascertain the ability of cryptolepine (CRP) in managing DM and some associated complications. Materials and Methods: Changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS), body weight, response to thermally-induced pain, and semen quality were assessed in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with CRP (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg), glibenclamide (10 mg/kg), or normal saline (2 ml/kg) per os. Hematological profile, liver and kidney function tests, lipid profile, as well as liver, kidney, and pancreas histopathological examinations were also conducted to establish possible effects of CRP treatment. Results: CRP treatment reduced (P <= 0.001) FBS and body weight, inhibited (P <= 0.05 - 0.001) the latency to tail flick or withdrawal from pain stimulus. It did not alter (P > 0.05): Hematological parameters, elevated (P <= 0.05 - 0.001) plasma aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, reduced (P <= 0.01) plasma urea, and elevated (P <= 0.001) plasma creatinine associated with DM. CRP, however, reversed (P <= 0.05 - 0.001) DM-associated elevation (P <= 0.05 - 0.001) of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins, and the reduction in high-density lipoproteins. CRP (10-30 mg/kg) showed dose-dependent regeneration of beta-islet cells but could not repair degenerated liver and kidney tissue. CRP worsens dose-dependently (P <= 0.001) reduced sperm quality associated with DM. Conclusion: CRP abolishes hyperglycemia, weight loss, cold allodynia, neuropathic pain, and hyperlipidemia as well as pancreatic beta-islet cell damage associated with DM. It, however, does not improve liver and kidney damage and lowered semen quality.