Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060877
Keywords
osteosarcoma; metastasis; microRNA; biomarker; cancer
Funding
- University of Zurich
- Schweizerischer Verein Balgrist (Zurich, Switzerland)
- Walter L. & Johanna Wolf Foundation (Zurich, Switzerland)
- Highly Specialized Medicine for Musculoskeletal Oncology program of the Canton of Zurich
- Zurcher Krebsliga (Zurich, Switzerland)
- Swiss National Science Foundation SNF [310030_149649]
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Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents, but its pathogenesis has been difficult to establish because of its well-known heterogeneous nature. OS has been associated with genetic and cytogenetic abnormalities, which include function-impairing mutations in tumor suppressors and the activation of oncogenes. OS tumorigenesis has been linked to alterations of several genes characterized by a high level of genetic instability and recurrent DNA amplifications and deletions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), 18-25-nucleotide noncoding RNAs, are critical for various biological processes like differentiation, cell growth and cell death. Dysregulation of miRNA expression leads to phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells, which leads to cancer. Studies on miRNAs have initiated a significant effect in both diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge of clinical applications of miRNAs for the better diagnosis and management of OS.
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