Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 826, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/39
Keywords
supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN 2015bn)
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme/ERC [291222]
- STFC [ST/I001123/1, ST/L000709/1]
- (Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects Survey) ESO program [188.D-3003, 191.D-0935]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate [NNX08AR22G]
- National Science Foundation [AST-1238877]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the NEO Observation Program [NNX12AR65G, NNX14AM74G]
- EU/FP7 via ERC [307260]
- Quantum universe I-Core programme by the Israeli Committee for Planning and Budgeting
- ISF
- Minerva
- ISF grants
- Weizmann-UK making connections programme
- Kimmel award
- YeS award
- NSF [AST-1410950, AST-0908816, AST-1515927, AST-1515876, 1313484]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative [IC120009]
- CONICYT through FONDECYT [3140566]
- European Union FP7 programme through ERC [320360]
- STFC through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship
- CNRS
- CCAPP at the Ohio State University
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP) at OSU
- Mt. Cuba Astronomical Foundation, George Skestos
- Robert Martin Ayers Sciences Fund
- NASA through Hubble Fellowship by the Space Telescope Science Institute [HF-51348.001]
- NASA [NAS 5-26555]
- DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship [DE-FG02-97ER25308]
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
- NSF through the Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE1144152]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE1144152]
- STFC [ST/L000709/1, ST/M005348/1, ST/I001123/1, ST/M003035/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/I001123/1, ST/M003035/1, ST/M005348/1, ST/L000709/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1313484] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1238877, 1410950] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We present observations of SN 2015bn (=PS15ae = CSS141223-113342+004332 = MLS150211-113342+004333), a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN) at redshift z = 0.1136. As well as being one of the closest SLSNe I yet discovered, it is intrinsically brighter (M-U approximate to -23.1) and in a fainter galaxy (M-B approximate to -16.0) than other SLSNe at z similar to 0.1. We used this opportunity to collect the most extensive data set for any SLSN I to date, including densely sampled spectroscopy and photometry, from the UV to the NIR, spanning -50 to +250 days from optical maximum. SN 2015bn fades slowly, but exhibits surprising undulations in the light curve on a timescale of 30-50 days, especially in the UV. The spectrum shows extraordinarily slow evolution except for a rapid transformation between +7 and +20-30 days. No narrow emission lines from slow-moving material are observed at any phase. We derive physical properties including the bolometric luminosity, and find slow velocity evolution and non-monotonic temperature and radial evolution. A deep radio limit rules out a healthy off-axis gamma-ray burst, and places constraints on the pre-explosion mass loss. The data can be consistently explained by a greater than or similar to 10 M-circle dot stripped progenitor exploding with similar to 10(51) erg kinetic energy, forming a magnetar with a spin-down timescale of similar to 20 days (thus avoiding a gamma-ray burst) that reheats the ejecta and drives ionization fronts. The most likely alternative scenario-interaction with similar to 20 M-circle dot of dense, inhomogeneous circumstellar material-can be tested with continuing radio follow-up.
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