Journal
JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH
Volume 28, Issue 5, Pages 775-795Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0898264315611664
Keywords
loneliness; social isolation; longitudinal methods; Cardiovascular Health Study
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Funding
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, U01HL080295]
- National Institute on Aging (NIA) [R01AG023629]
- American Diabetes Foundation (ADA) [7-13-CD-08]
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Objective: To understand the longitudinal relationship between loneliness and isolation. Method: Participants included 5,870 adults 65 years and older (M = 72.89 +/- 5.59 years) from the first 5 years of the Cardiovascular Health Study. Loneliness was assessed using a dichotomized loneliness question. Social isolation was assessed using six items from the Lubben Social Network Scale. Yearly life events were included to assess abrupt social network changes. Mixed effects logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between isolation and loneliness. Results: Higher levels of social isolation were associated with higher odds of loneliness, as was an increase (from median) in level of social isolation. Life events such as a friend dying were also associated with increased odds of loneliness. Discussion: These results suggest that average level of isolation and increases in the level of isolation are closely tied to loneliness, which has implications for future assessment or monitoring of loneliness in older adult populations.
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