Temperature can limit the invasion range of the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea nr. fornicatus

Temperature heavily affects the development rate of insects. Until temperatures become too extreme, insects will generally experience greater rates of development at higher temperatures and slower rates of development at lower temperatures. The invasive ambrosia beetle Euwallacea nr. fornicatus Eichhoff, referred to as the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB), was tested for development rates at a range of temperatures between 15 and 32 degrees C. Based on the development rates recorded, it was calculated that the t(min), t(max) and t(opt) were 13.34, 33.08 and 27.51 degrees C, respectively. The number of degree days required for PSHB to complete development from egg to adult was estimated to be approximately 398 degree days. These results can be used to predict the potential distribution of PSHB, as well as where climatic factors may limit their establishment. Furthermore, the development information can be of use when predicting an increase in beetle activity.