Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 2671-2682Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2016.05.009
Keywords
Equilibrium constant; Thermodynamic parameters; Physical adsorption; Electrostatic attraction; Cadmium; Orange peel
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Funding
- Chung Yuan Christian University (CYCU) in Taiwan
- CYCU
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Thermodynamic adsorption investigation plays a key role in estimating adsorptive mechanisms (i.e., physical or chemical). Accuracy estimation of the thermodynamic parameters is directly dependent on the equilibrium constant between two phases (K-C; dimensionless). In this study, the thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the K-C constants derived from the adsorption isotherm constants (i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, and Henry) and partition coefficient, with and without dimensionality consideration. Results showed that the optimal selection of K-C is strongly dependent on: the adsorption characteristics (i.e., Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir) where equilibrium data are actually located; and the correlation coefficient of the van't Hoff equation. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich constants (dimensionless) are appropriate to calculate the thermodynamic parameters. The Langmuir constants from its four linear forms can be applied to calculate the thermodynamic parameters without significant difference. The Cd(II) biosorption process onto the orange peel (OP) occurred spontaneously (-Delta G degrees), in an exothermic nature (-Delta H degrees), and with increased randomness (+Delta S degrees). The biosorption process involved physical adsorption with minimal activation energy (E-a) and adsorption energy (E). The biosorption phenomenon reached fast equilibrium and reversibility. The negatively charged carboxylic groups (-COO-) on the OP's surface play an important role (approximately 90%) in Cd2+ biosorption through electrostatic attractions (out-sphere complexes). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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