Journal
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
Volume 35, Issue 5, Pages 495-506Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s00376-017-7133-z
Keywords
ENSO frequency asymmetry; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; decadal variation; Monte Carlo method; CMIP5
Categories
Funding
- National Key RAMP
- D Program of China [2017YFA0604201]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41576019, 41606027, 41706028]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015M571095]
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Using observational data and the pre-industrial simulations of 19 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), the El Nio (EN) and La Nia (LN) events in positive and negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phases are examined. In the observational data, with EN (LN) events the positive (negative) SST anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific is much stronger in positive (negative) PDO phases than in negative (positive) phases. Meanwhile, the models cannot reasonably reproduce this difference. Besides, the modulation of ENSO frequency asymmetry by the PDO is explored. Results show that, in the observational data, EN is 300% more (58% less) frequent than LN in positive (negative) PDO phases, which is significant at the 99% confidence level using the Monte Carlo test. Most of the CMIP5 models exhibit results that are consistent with the observational data.
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