Application of an ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation to the Bergermeer gas field, using PS-InSAR

Satellite radar data were used to estimate subsurface model parameters of the Bergermeer gas field. Directly using combinations of the line-of-sight measurements in both ascending and descending satellite geometry provided an additional dimension in the data and avoided the introduction of errors during interpolation to horizontal and vertical movements. The model parameters were constrained using an Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation. A good match was obtained, with realistic values for the reservoir compaction coefficient and of the subsurface elastic moduli. The resulting compaction coefficients for the aquifers were interpreted with the use of geologic and reservoir knowledge: we concluded that the aquifers furthest away from the gas field were not connected to the reservoir. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.