Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704916
Keywords
accumulation mode OECTs; ladder-type polymers; n-type polymers; transconductance
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Funding
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems - VINNOVA [2015-04859]
- Swedish Research Council [2016-03979]
- Advanced Functional Materials Center at Linkoping University [2009-00971]
- Swedish Research Council [2016-03979] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been the subject of intense research in recent years. To date, however, most of the reported OECTs rely entirely on p-type (hole transport) operation, while electron transporting (n-type) OECTs are rare. The combination of efficient and stable p-type and n-type OECTs would allow for the development of complementary circuits, dramatically advancing the sophistication of OECT-based technologies. Poor stability in air and aqueous electrolyte media, low electron mobility, and/or a lack of electrochemical reversibility, of available high-electron affinity conjugated polymers, has made the development of n-type OECTs troublesome. Here, it is shown that ladder-type polymers such as poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) can successfully work as stable and efficient n-channel material for OECTs. These devices can be easily fabricated by means of facile spray-coating techniques. BBL-based OECTs show high transconductance (up to 9.7 mS) and excellent stability in ambient and aqueous media. It is demonstrated that BBL-based n-type OECTs can be successfully integrated with p-type OECTs to form electrochemical complementary inverters. The latter show high gains and large worst-case noise margin at a supply voltage below 0.6 V.
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