Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 28, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201801145
Keywords
biohybrid robots; biological machines; PEGDA scaffolds; skeletal muscles; tissue modeling
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center Emergent Behavior of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) Grant [CBET0939511]
- DTRA [160298]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1144245]
- Blue Waters project of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications [OCI-0725070, ACI-1238993]
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Advancing biologically driven soft robotics and actuators will involve employing different scaffold geometries and cellular constructs to enable a controllable emergence for increased production of force. By using hydrogel scaffolds and muscle tissue, soft biological robotic actuators that are capable of motility have been successfully engineered with varying morphologies. Having the flexibility of altering geometry while ensuring tissue viability can enable advancing functional output from these machines through the implementation of new construction concepts and fabrication approaches. This study reports a forward engineering approach to computationally design the next generation of biological machines via direct numerical simulations. This was subsequently followed by fabrication and characterization of high force producing biological machines. These biological machines show millinewton forces capable of driving locomotion at speeds above 0.5 mm s(-1). It is important to note that these results are predicted by computational simulations, ultimately showing excellent agreement of the predictive models and experimental results, further providing the ability to forward design future generations of these biological machines. This study aims to develop the building blocks and modular technologies capable of scaling force and complexity of these devices for applications toward solving real world problems in medicine, environment, and manufacturing.
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