Journal
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
Volume 134, Issue -, Pages 22-35Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.003
Keywords
Aptamer; Endocytosis; Imaging; Gene regulation; Intramers; Allosteric modulation; G-quadruplex
Categories
Funding
- NIH [AI029329]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI029329] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The structural flexibility and small size of aptamers enable precise recognition of cellular elements for imaging and therapeutic applications. The process by which aptamers are taken into cells depends on their targets but is typically clathrin-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis. After internalization, most aptamers are transported to endosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and occasionally mitochondria and autophagosomes. Intracellular aptamers, or intramers, have versatile functions ranging from intracellular RNA imaging, gene regulation, and therapeutics to allosteric modulation, which we discuss in the review Imune responses to therapeutic aptamers and the effects of G-quadruplex structure on aptamer function are also discussed. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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