Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 26, Pages 21920-21926Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06633
Keywords
gold nanoparticles; CpG; cellular uptake; immunostimulatory activity; targeting
Funding
- National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health [U54CA199091]
- Northwestern University's Cancer Nanotechnology Training Program Award [T32CA186897]
- NASA Ames Research Center [NNA06CB93G]
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This study describes a side-by-side comparison of the in vitro immunostimulatory activity of cytosine- phosphate-guanine (CpG)-conjugated gold nanoparticles. Three different gold nanoparticle cores (13 nm spheres, 50 nm spheres, and 40 nm stars) with the same CpG surface density were investigated for toll-like receptor 9 activation. For this parameter set, 13 nm spheres displayed significantly higher specificity for targeting immune receptors and larger nanoparticles (50 nm spheres and 40 nm stars) showed higher cellular uptake and higher immune activation because of off-target effects. Changes in nanoparticle size and presentation of activating ligands affect construct-induced immune responses at different levels, and care must be taken when considering practical and global design rules for CpG delivery.
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