Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 26, Pages 21965-21972Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02381
Keywords
lithium-ion sulfur battery; surface coating; atomic layer deposition; shuttle effect; graphite
Funding
- Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DEAC02-05CH11231, DEAC02-98CH10886]
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]
- Canada NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship (PDF) Program
- PNNL Alternate Sponsored Fellowship (ASF) Program
- University of British Columbia
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Lithium-ion sulfur batteries use nonlithium materials as the anode for extended cycle life. However, polysulfide shuttle reactions still occur on the nonmetal anodes (such as graphite and Si), and result in undesirable low Coulombic efficiency. In this work, we used Al2O3 layers coated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique to suppress the shuttle reactions. With the optimal thickness of 2 nm Al2O3 coated on graphite anode, the Coulombic efficiency of the sulfur cathode was improved from 84% to 96% in the first cycle, and from 94% to 97% in the subsequent cycles. As a result, the discharge capacity of the sulfur cathode was increased to 550 mAh g(-1) in the 100th cycle, as compared with 440 mAh g(-1) when the pristine graphite anode was used. The Al2O3 passivation layer minimizes the formation of insoluble sulfide (Li2S2, Li2S) on the surface of graphite anode and improves the efficiency and capacity retention of the graphite-sulfur batteries. The surface passivation strategy could also be used in other sulfur based battery systems (with Li, Si, and Sn anodes), to minimize side reactions and enable high-performance sulfur batteries.
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