Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 27, Pages 23353-23361Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19818
Keywords
embedded three-dimensional printing; 3D printing; particle image velocimetry; rheology; viscoplasticity
Funding
- Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science
- NSF-supported Harvard Materials Research Science and Engineering Center [NSF DMR 14-20570]
- GETTYLAB
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Embedded three-dimensional (EMB3D) printing is an emerging technique that enables free-form fabrication of complex architectures. In this approach, a nozzle is translated omnidirectionally within a soft matrix that surrounds and supports the patterned material. To optimize print fidelity, we have investigated the effects of matrix viscoplasticity on the EMB3D printing process. Specifically, we determine how matrix composition, print path and speed, and nozzle diameter affect the yielded region within the matrix. By characterizing the velocity and strain fields and analyzing the dimensions of the yielded regions, we determine that scaling relationships based on the Oldroyd number, Od, exist between these dimensions and the rheological properties of the matrix materials and printing parameters. Finally, we use EMB3D printing to create complex architectures within an elastomeric silicone matrix. Our methods and findings will both facilitate future characterization of viscoplastic matrices and motivate the development of new materials for EMB3D printing.
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