Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 11, Pages 9353-9361Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17893
Keywords
sodium-ion batteries; defect; porous carbon; anode; pseudocapacitive behaviors
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51671140]
- Shanxi Scholarship Council of China [2015-034]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China [201701D221077]
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [DE170100928, DP160102627, LP160100273]
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Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries have been regarded as promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage due to their low cost and the wide distribution of sodium sources. The main scientific challenge for their practical application is to develop suitable anodes with long-term cycling stability and high rate capacity. Here, novel hierarchical three-dimensional porous carbon materials are synthesized through an in situ template carbonization process. Electrochemical examination demonstrates that carbonization temperature is a key factor that affects Nation-storage performance, owing to the consequent differences in surface area, pore volume, and degree of crystallinity. The sample obtained at 600 degrees C delivers the best sodium-storage performance, including long-term cycling stability (15 000 cycles) and high rate capacity (126 mAh g(-1) at 20 A g(-1)). Pseudocapacitive behavior in the Na+-ion-storage process has been confirmed and studied via cyclic voltammetry. Full cells based on the porous carbon anode and Na3V2(PO4)(3)C- cathode also deliver good cycling stability (400 cycles). Porous carbon, combining the merits of high energy density and extraordinary pseudocapacitive behavior after cycling stability, can be a promising replacement for battery/supercapacitors hybrid and suggest a design strategy for new energy-storage materials.
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