Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 19, Pages 16581-16587Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03986
Keywords
sodium-ion battery; sodium-ion full battery; hard carbon; adsorption mechanism; insertion mechanism
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21773188]
- Basic and Frontier Research Project of Chongqing [cstc2015jcyjA50031]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [XDJK2017A002, XDJK2017B048]
- Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing [CXTDX201601011]
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Hard carbon has been regarded as a promising anode material for Na-ion batteries. Here, we show, for the first time, the effects of two Na+ uptake/release routes, i.e., adsorption and intercalation processes, on the electrochemical performance of half and full sodium batteries. Various Na+ storage processes are isolated in full cells by controlling the capacity ratio of anode/cathode and the sodiation state of hard carbon anode. Full cells utilizing adsorption region of hard carbon anode show better cycling stability and high rate capability compared to those utilizing intercalation region of hard carbon anode. On the other hand, the intercalation region promises a high working voltage full cell because of the low Na+ intercalation potential. We believe this work is enlightening for the further practical application of hard carbon anode.
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