Development of Graphene Oxide Composite Aerogel with Proanthocyanidins with Hemostatic Properties As a Delivery System

The graphene aerogels' potential for use as both a hemostatic agent and dermal delivery system has scarcely been investigated. In this study, we used a sol-gel process for generating dry and stable composite aerogels based on graphene oxide (GO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Furthermore, we incorporated natural extract of Pais grape seed (SD) and skin (SK), rich in proanthocyanidins (PAs or condensed tannins). The effect of the incorporation of the grape extracts was investigated in relation to the aerogels' structure, coagulation performance and the release of the extracts. The results demonstrated that they have a porous structure and low density, capable of absorbing water and blood. The incorporation of 12% (w/w) of PA extracts into the aerogel increased the negative zeta potential of the material by 33% (-18.3 +/- 1.3 mV), and the coagulation time was reduced by 37% and 28% during the first 30 and 60 s of contact between the aerogel and whole blood, respectively. The release of extracts from the GO-PVA-SD and GO-PVA-SK aerogels was prolonged to 3 h with 20%, probably due to the existence of strong binding between PAs andGO-PVA, both characterized by the presence of aromatic and hydroxyl groups that can form noncovalent bonds but are strong and stable enough to avoid a greater release into the medium. This study provides a new GO-based aerogel, which has a great potential use in the field of dermal delivery, wound healing and/or the treatment of trauma bleeding.