Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 17, Pages 15270-15280Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02446
Keywords
sodium metal electrode; fluoroethylene carbonate; interface; in situ optical microscopy; in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant - Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) [2016R1A2B4015561]
- Technology Innovation Program - Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MI, Republic of Korea) [1006328810063288]
- International Cooperation in S&T Program through the NRF - MSIT [NRF-2016K2A9A1A06934767]
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Sodium (Na) metal anodes with stable electro-chemical cycling have attracted widespread attention because of their highest specific capacity and lowest potential among anode materials for Na batteries. The main challenges associated with Na metal anodes are dendritic formation and the low density of deposited Na during electrochemical plating. Here, we demonstrate a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolyte with 1 M sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) salt for the stable and dense deposition of the Na metal during electrochemical cycling. The novel electrolyte combination developed here circumvents the dendritic Na deposition that is one of the primary concerns for battery safety and constructs the uniform ionic interlayer achieving highly reversible Na plating/stripping reactions. The FEC NaFSI constructs the mechanically strong and ion-permeable interlayer containing NaF and ionic compounds such as Na2CO3 and sodium alkylcarbonates.
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