Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 10, Issue 15, Pages 13124-13129Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04053
Keywords
poly(N-isopropylaaylamide)-co-acrylic acid microgels; electrically stimulated small molecule release; stimuli-responsive polymer; controlled release
Funding
- University of Alberta (the Department of Chemistry)
- University of Alberta (the Faculty of Science)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- Alberta Advanced Education & Technology Small Equipment Grants Program (AET/SEGP)
- Grand Challenges Canada
- IC-IMPACTS
- Alberta Innovates Technology Futures
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A monolithic layer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels was deposited on an Au electrode and used for electrically triggered release of the small molecule crystal violet (CV), which was used as a model drug. CV was loaded into the surface-bound microgels by exposing them to a CV solution at pH 6.5, where the microgels are negatively charged and the CV is positively charged. The electrostatic attraction holds the CV inside of the microgels, while a decrease of the solution pH can neutralize the microgels and allow for CV release. In this investigation, we show that when CV-loaded microgels are deposited on the anode in an electrochemical cell and an appropriate voltage applied, there is a decrease in the solution pH near the anode surface that allows for CV release. We also show that removing the applied potential allows the solution pH near the anode to return to pH 6.5, which halts the release. We show that the release rate from the microgel-modified anodes could be controlled by the magnitude of the applied voltage and by pulsing the applied voltage or applying a continuous voltage. Furthermore, we showed that the microgel-modified anodes can be reloaded with CV and used to release CV to a system many times. Such devices could be used as implantable drug delivery devices, as well as for industrial applications, where small molecules need to be released to systems in response to their chemical status.
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